Genetics Project 2010: September 2010

This blog was a Biology project and is there for no longer being managed. The only reason i left it up is if people by any chance find it they can use it to get information.

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a blood disorder that causes the protein hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells, to be made in a abnormal form. That results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia.

There are 2 types of thalassemia and each of them has a different cause. Those are Alpha Thalassemia and Beta Thalassemia. They are named like this because each of them is me of goblins (the Alpha and Beta globin).

The causes for the disorder are different:

- Thalassemia Alpha: occurs when genes related to the alpha globin are missing or changed/mutated

- Thalassemia Beta: occurs when similar gene defects affect the production of the Beta globin

Alpha Thalassemia affects commonly on southeast Asians, Chinese, other Asians and those of African descent.

Beta Thalassemia on the other hand usually affects those of Mediterranean origin, Chinese and other Asians and African Americans.

There are 2 forms (not types) of Thalassemia: Thalassemia major and Thalassemia minor.

Thalassemia minor is mostly means that a person is a carrier of the disease and doesn't show any symptoms.

Thalassemia Major on the other hand is when a person has the full disorder in him.

In order to inherit Thalassemia Major, you have to receive the trait from both parents. That means that both males and females can be affected, because we need both carriers for the disorder to occur.

The symptoms for the disorder are:

- Bone deformities in the face

- Fatigue

- Growth failure

- Liver and spleen swelling

- Shortness of breath

- Yellow skin

There are 2 types of treatment for this. One is constant blood transfusions, and the other is bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow transplant can help some patients treat the disease (especially children) but not everyone.

Also, those who do blood transfusion, must keep an eye on their diet in order to prevent too much iron from coming in their blood.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder, that causes different bleeding issues to a human body.

We have 2 levels of Hemophilia:
- Hemophilia A

- Hemophilia B

Lets start with Hemophilia A:

Hemophilia A is a hereditary disorder that occurs when there is a lack of blood clothing in factor VIII.

Like color blindness, Hemophilia A is caused by an inherited X-linked recessive trait. It is most common in males since males have one X and one Y chromosome, and are not protected unlike females that have 2 X chromosomes and one can overshadow the other. If a woman is a carrier of a Hemophilia X chromosome, there is a 50% chance that their male children are going to have Hemophilia A.

The symptoms of Hemophilia A are:

- bleeding in to the joints with pain and steeling

- blood in urine or stool

- bruising

- gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract hemorrhage

prolonged bleeding from cuts, tooth extractions, and surgery

- spontaneous bleeding

Now lets continue with Hemophilia B:

Hemophilia B is similar or should i say almost the same a Hemophilia Although Hemophilia A is 7 times more common than Hemophilia B, it still happens but it only applies to females.

The symptoms are the same as in Hemophilia A.

It is caused (again) by a carrier chromosome X, but instead of having a broken factor VIII, it is caused by a deficiency of the clothing factor IX.

Hemophilia A occurs in about 1 in 5.000 - 10.000 male births, and hemophilia B at about 1 in 20.000 - 34.000 male births.

The easiest way to explain the cause of hemophilia is: With hemophilia, whenever you bleed you will have a hard time stooping the bleeding. It even causes internal bleeding, which can lead to swelling or worse.

The way to prevent this is to go to genetic counseling, or have a parental intrauterine diagnosis with termination of pregnancy as an option.

Hemophilia is treated by replacing the missing clotting factors.

Most people with hemophilia can live normal lives except for common chronic bleeding and severe bleeding when bruised. Buts some cases can also die from severe bleeding that doesnt stop.

Color blindness

Color blindness is a genetic disorder, where the person suffers from a loss of detecting color with his eyes.

The disorder occurs, when a person has a problem with the color sensing materials (also known as pigments) in certain nerve cells of the eye. The cells that get affected are called cones.

The most common type of color blindness is when people have trouble telling the difference between red and green colors. A similar type of color blindness that is also common is also having trouble with blue and yellow colors. People with that kind of color blindness usually have trouble with red and green colors too.

The worst kind of color blindness is called achromatopsia. It is the worst and most rare condition. A person with achromatopsia can not see any color at all (he basically sees black and white).

It is a genetic disorder that occurs on 3 occasions:

- hereditary (already present at birth); it is usually carried by the X chromosome, but it is more often passed donw on males than females

- a drug called hydroxy chloroquine (that is used to threat rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions)

- lasting effect of an eye infection or accident that wasn't cured fast enough or could not be cured without leaving after effects

About 1 out of 10 people (men) suffer from some form of color blindness and the symptoms are different depending on the person, but the 2 most common ones are:

- trouble seeing colors and the brightness of colors the way they are supposed to be seen

- trouble telling (or not being able to tell) the difference between shades of the same or similar colors

The problem with he disorder is that practically anyone can be affected by it (age and race). A lot of people get it by they time they get old, but you can also get it very young.

Even women are affected by it but it is very rare.

Color blindness can currently not be treated.

Genetics Project 2010

About Me and Myself

Thalassemia

Thursday, September 16, 2010

Blog closed and not taken care of!

Thalassemia

Females re the only carriers of the thalassemia trait.

Does thalassemia affect only males?

Thalassemia is widely spread in the white population of Europe.

Links that helped me get the information:

Hemophilia

What are the types of Hemophilia? (More than 1 answer)

Will you bleed to death if you are bruised and you are a hemophilia victim?

Does Hemophilia also affect females?

Does hemophilia ussualy make you die at young age?

Hemophilia Links

Color blindness

Is color blindness always a 100% color loss disorder, or can it be partiality?

Can color blindness be inherited?

Who has a better chance to be color blind by inheriting it?

Does age and race affect the possibility of getting the disorder? (more than one correct answer)

Here are the links that I used to gather information:

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